APPROACHES TO MEASURING THE CREATIVE ECONOMY AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IT SECTOR: THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

Today, the creative economy is often referred to a the new oil. According to UN estimates, creative industries generate around 30 million jobs annually, contributing $2.25 trillion to the global GDP. Projections indicate that by 2030, the global creative industry's turnover will increase by an additional 40%. This sector creates high-income jobs, especially for talented youth.

In Kazakhstan, investments in the creative industry have increased more than fourfold over the past decade. Currently, 3.5% of the country's total employed population, or 310 thousand people, work in this sector, contributing 2.7% to the economy. To unlock this sector's potential, the government is developing the Concept for the Development of Creative Industries for 2021-2025, establishing a unified vision for growth.

The concept of creative industries varies across countries, lacking a universally accepted definition. Reports like Australia's "Creative Nation" (1994) and the UK's "Creative Industries Mapping Document" (1998) have significantly influenced global perspectives. The UN recommends a classification into four aggregated blocks, but terminology differs across organizations, with UNESCO using "creative industries" and the EU referring to "cultural and creative industries."

Creative industries encompass sectors built on creativity, intellectual property, and technology. Definitions differ, but common sectors include design, art, fashion, and more. Measuring the creative economy involves various approaches, such as industry assessment, employment analysis, and trade in creative goods and services. The "creative trident" concept evaluates employment in specialists, supporting roles, and integrated positions.